Climatology Meteorology Atmosphere
The Soil Moisture (SM) product is derived from the Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT) backscatter observations and given in swath orbit geometry (12.5 km sampling). This SM product provides an estimate of the water content of the 0-5 cm topsoil layer, expressed in degree of saturation between 0 and 100 [%]. The algorithm used to derive this parameter is based on a linear relationship of SM and scatterometer backscatter and uses change detection techniques to eliminate the contributions of vegetation, land cover and surface topography, considered invariant from year to year. Seasonal vegetation effects are modelled by exploiting the multi-angle viewing capabilities of ASCAT. The SM processor has been developed by Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien). Note that some of the data are reprocessed. Please refer to the associated product validation reports or product release notes for further information.Metop-A data are available in the Data Centre up to 15/11/2021.
ASCAT Soil Moisture at 12.5 km Swath Grid in NRT - Metop
geossDataCore
geossNoMonetaryCharge
geossuserRegistration
geossAttribution
CWIC
FedEO
EARTH SCIENCE>LAND SURFACE
EARTH SCIENCE>AGRICULTURE>SOILS>SOIL MOISTURE/WATER CONTENT
METOP-A
METOP-B
ASCAT
Metop-A
Metop-B
Land
Soil Moisture
Via Pratica di Mare, 45 c/o Aeroporto M. De Bernardi
Italy
EUMETSAT

Climatology Meteorology Atmosphere
The Soil Moisture (SM) product is derived from the Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT) backscatter observations and given in swath orbit geometry (25 km sampling). This SM product provides an estimate of the water content of the 0-5 cm topsoil layer, expressed in degree of saturation between 0 and 100 [%]. The algorithm used to derive this parameter is based on a linear relationship of SM and scatterometer backscatter and uses change detection techniques to eliminate the contributions of vegetation, land cover and surface topography, considered invariant from year to year. Seasonal vegetation effects are modelled by exploiting the multi-angle viewing capabilities of ASCAT. The SM processor has been developed by Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien). Note that some of the data are reprocessed. Please refer to the associated product validation reports or product release notes for further information.Metop-A data are available in the Data Centre up to 15/11/2021.
ASCAT Soil Moisture at 25 km Swath Grid in NRT - Metop
geossDataCore
geossNoMonetaryCharge
geossuserRegistration
geossAttribution
CWIC
FedEO
EARTH SCIENCE>LAND SURFACE
EARTH SCIENCE>AGRICULTURE>SOILS>SOIL MOISTURE/WATER CONTENT
METOP-A
METOP-B
ASCAT
Metop-A
Metop-B
Land
Soil Moisture
Via Pratica di Mare, 45 c/o Aeroporto M. De Bernardi
Italy
EUMETSAT

Climatology Meteorology Atmosphere
This ASCAT Multi-parameter product contains surface wind vectors over ocean and soil moisture index over land. Additionally, the backscatter values involved in the retrieval of the geophysical parameters above are also included, as well as several quality flags to facilitate the use of the data. For NWP users this product is provided in BUFR format. The netCDF version of this product contains Winds ONLY. For users interested in either ASCAT backscatter, wind or soil moisture index data in other formats, please refer to the relevant product entries available for the specific parameters. Finally, note that although the OSI SAF is identified as the originating centre for this product, it is not responsible for the processing of soil moisture index values, which is currently carried out at EUMETSAT.
ASCAT Winds and Soil Moisture at 25 km Swath Grid - Metop-B
geossDataCore
geossNoMonetaryCharge
geossuserRegistration
geossAttribution
FedEO
EARTH SCIENCE>LAND SURFACE
EARTH SCIENCE>AGRICULTURE>SOILS>SOIL MOISTURE/WATER CONTENT
METOP-A
METOP-B
ASCAT
Metop-A
Metop-B
Land
Ocean
Ocean Surface Wind
Radar Backscatter NRCS
Soil Moisture
Avenue de Lorraine, BP 50747
France
EUMETSAT/OSISAF

The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) operates at 5 different channels simultaneously in the visible and infrared bands, with wavelengths specified in the instrument channels description. Channel 3 switches between 3a and 3b for daytime and nighttime. As a high-resolution imager (about 1.1 km near nadir) its main purpose is to provide cloud and surface information such as cloud coverage, cloud top temperature, surface temperature over land and sea, and vegetation or snow/ice. In addition, AVHRR products serve as input for the level 2 processing of IASI and ATOVS.Metop-A data are available in the Data Centre up to 15/11/2021.
AVHRR Level 1B - Metop - Global
EARTH SCIENCE>CLIMATE INDICATORS>ATMOSPHERIC/OCEAN INDICATORS
EARTH SCIENCE>ATMOSPHERE
AVHRR
Atmosphere
Ocean
EUMETSAT Allee 1
Germany
EUMETSAT

This product contains Sea Surface Temperature (SST) estimations (skin) from the IASI instrument on L2P GHRSST format, including single sensor error statistics, quality flags and collocated surface model winds. It is considered a L2pCore and not a complete L2P product because it does not currently contain further ancillary data such as aerosols and fluxes information.NOTE: From 15/10/2021, Metop-A IASI data are no longer available.
IASI L2PCore Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) - Metop
EARTH SCIENCE>OCEANS>OCEAN TEMPERATURE>SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE
IASI
Ocean
Sea Surface Temperature
EUMETSAT Allee 1
Germany

This ASCAT Multi-parameter product contains surface wind vectors over ocean and soil moisture index over land. Additionally, the backscatter values involved in the retrieval of the geophysical parameters above are also included, as well as several quality flags to facilitate the use of the data. For NWP users this product is provided in BUFR format. The netCDF version of this product contains Winds ONLY. For users interested in either ASCAT backscatter, wind or soil moisture index data in other formats, please refer to the relevant product entries available for the specific parameters. Finally, note that although the OSI SAF is identified as the originating centre for this product, it is not responsible for the processing of soil moisture index values, which is currently carried out at EUMETSAT. For wind data before 1 April 2014: better than using this archived NRT product, please use the reprocessed ASCAT winds data records (EO:EUM:DAT:METOP:OSI-150-A, EO:EUM:DAT:METOP:OSI-150-B).Metop-A data are available in the Data Centre up to 15/11/2021.
ASCAT Winds and Soil Moisture at 25 km Swath Grid - Metop-A
Ocean Surface Wind
Radar Backscatter NRCS
Avenue de Lorraine, BP 50747
France
EUMETSAT/OSISAF

The main objective of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) is to provide high resolution atmospheric emission spectra to derive temperature and humidity profiles with high spectral and vertical resolution and accuracy. Additionally, it is used for the determination of trace gases such as ozone, as well as land and sea surface temperature, emissivity and cloud properties. This combined product (IASI Atmospheric Temperature Water Vapour and Surface Skin Temperature; IASI Cloud Parameters; IASI Ozone and IASI Trace Gases contains temperature Profiles, Humidity Profiles, Surface Temperature, Surface Emissivity, Fractional Cloud Cover, Cloud Top Temperature, Cloud Top Pressure, Cloud Phase, Total Column Ozone, Columnar ozone amounts in thick layers, Total column N2O, CO, CH4, CO2 - all combined in one product.NOTE: From 15/10/2021, Metop-A IASI data are no longer available.
IASI Combined Sounding Products - Metop
EARTH SCIENCE>ATMOSPHERE
EARTH SCIENCE>ATMOSPHERE>ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR>WATER VAPOR INDICATORS>HUMIDITY
IASI
Atmosphere
Humidity
Temperature
EUMETSAT Allee 1
Germany

Italy
This data set is conformant with the INSPIRE Implementing Rules for the interoperability of spatial data sets and services
Largo Galileo Galilei 1
ESA/ESRIN
Level-1B description
This collection is composed of AVHRR L1B products (1.1 km) reprocessed from the NOAA POES and Metop AVHRR sensors data acquired at the University of Dundee and University of Bern ground stations and from the ESA and University of Bern data historical archive.
The product format is the NOAA AVHRR Level 1B that combines the AVHRR data from the HRPT stream with ancillary information like Earth location and calibration data which can be applied by the user. Other appended parameters are time codes, quality indicators, solar and satellite angles and telemetry.
Two data collections cover Europe and the neighbouring regions in the period of 1 January 1981 to 31 December 2020 and the acquired data in the context of the 1-KM project in the ‘90s.
During the early 1990’s various groups, including the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), the Commission of the European Communities (CEC), the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) Science Team and ESA concluded that a global land 1 KM AVHRR data set would have been crucial to study and develop algorithms for several land products for the Earth Observing System.
USGS, NOAA, ESA and other non-U.S. AVHRR receiving stations endorsed the initiative to collect a global land 1-km multi-temporal AVHRR data set over all land surfaces using NOAA's TIROS "afternoon" polar-orbiting satellite. On 1 April 1992, the project officially began up to the end of 1999 with the utilisation of 23 stations worldwide plus the NOAA local area coverage (LAC) on-board recorders. The global land 1-km AVHRR dataset is composed of 5 channels, raw AVHRR dataset at 1.1 km resolution from the NOAA-11 and NOAA-14 satellites covering land surfaces, inland water and coastal areas.
Level-1C Description
This data collection consists of measurements from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) at 1.1km full Local Area Coverage (LAC) resolution. It is based on the ESA AVHRR Level 1B European Data Set, a curated collection of AVHRR 1km data from 1981 to 2020 covering Europe, selected areas in Africa and the acquired data out-of-Europe in the context of the 1-KM project in the ‘90s (see the Level-1B description for details). The AVHRR LAC measurements were processed by the Remote Sensing Research Group of the University Bern, Switzerland. A landmark based navigation correction software adjusted time and satellite attitude to improve the georeferencing accuracy. The PyGAC software was used to convert the counts to reflectances for the visible and near-infrared channels 1, 2, 3A, and to brightness temperatures for the infrared channels 3B, 4, 5. The infrared calibration uses on-board calibration data and is satellite specific without cross-calibration between satellites. Due to the lack of on-board calibration data for the visible channels calculated coefficients from the CIMSS PATMOS-X project, version 2017r1, were used for the visible calibration aiming to minimize spectral differences among the various AVHRR sensors.
The data format is NetCDF. The calibrated AVHRR data are accompanied by coordinates, satellite and solar angles, additional metadata, and basic quality indicators. The NOAA nomenclature is used for the data record labelling it as a set of AVHRR L1C data.
AVHRR Level-1B/1C Local Area Coverage Imagery
Utilisation of this data is subject to the Terms and Conditions for ESA's Third Party Missions scheme
conditions to access and use unknown
No info available.
European Space Agency, 2024, AVHRR Level-1B/1C European Data Set. Version 1.0
EARTH SCIENCE>CLIMATE INDICATORS
EARTH SCIENCE>ATMOSPHERE>CLOUDS
EARTH SCIENCE>OCEANS>OCEAN TEMPERATURE
EARTH SCIENCE>CRYOSPHERE>SNOW/ICE
EARTH SCIENCE>BIOSPHERE>VEGETATION
Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES)
AVHRR
Orthoimagery
Essential Climate Variables
Clouds
Ocean Temperature
Snow and Ice
Vegetation
Sun-synchronous
Low Resolution - LR (500 - 1200) m
Imaging Spectrometers/Radiometers
NOAA POES
EO Sign In Authentication
Open Data
EO Sign In Authentication (Open) 1. Go to the Dissemination Service 1. Level-1B _$$Over Europe$$ https://tpm-ds.eo.esa.int/socat/AVHRR_L1B_1_1KM (1981-2020) 2. Level-1B _$$1 KM-project out-of-Europe$$ (1989-1997) 3. Level-1C _$$Over Europe$$ https://tpm-ds.eo.esa.int/socat/AVHRR_L1B_1_1KM (1981-2020) 4. Level-1C _$$1 KM-project out-of-Europe$$ (1989-1997) 2. Find the product you want 3. Register or log in to EO Sign In 4. Download.
The products are also available for download via the following interface: _$$ESA EO Multimission Catalogue$$ (EO CAT) for the Level-1B New users can register an account on EO Sign In. For further information about the EO Sign In Service you can visit _$$TellUs$$ . ESA internal users can use their ESAAD account. Should you need support to access the data, please contact _$$EOHelp$$ .
World Wide

Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services
See the referenced specification
DE/DLR
Oceans
The AVHRR Mulitchannel Sea Surface Temperature Map (MCSST) was the first result of DLR's AVHRR pathfinder activities. The goal of the product is to provide the user with actual Sea Surface Temperature (SST) maps in a defined format easy to access with the highest possible reliability on the thematic quality. After a phase of definition, the operational production chain was launched in March 1993 covering the entire Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. Since then, daily, weekly, and monthly data sets have been available until September 13, 1994, when the AVHRR on board the NOAA-11 spacecraft failed. The production of daily, weekly and monthly SST maps was resumed in February, 1995, based on NOAA-14 AVHRR data. The NOAA-14 AVHRR sensor became some technical difficulties, so the generation was stopped on October 3, 2001. Since March 2002, NOAA-16 AVHRR SST maps are available again. With the beginning of January 2004, the data of AVHRR on board of NOAA-16 exhibited some anormal features showing strips in the scenes. Facing the “bar coded” images of NOAA16-AVHRR which occurred first in September 2003, continued in January 2004 for the second time and appeared in April 2004 again, DFD has decided to stop the reception of NOAA16 data on April 6th, 2004, and to start the reception of NOAA-17 data on this day. On April 7th, 2004, the production of all former NOAA16-AVHRR products as e.g. the SST composites was successully established. NOAA-17 is an AM sensor which passes central Europe about 2 hours earlier than NOAA-16 (about 10:00 UTC instead of 12:00 UTC for NOAA-16). In spring 2007, the communication system of NOAA-17 has degraded or is operating with limitations. Therefore, DFD has decided to shift the production of higher level products (NDVI, LST and SST) from NOAA-17 to NOAA-18 in April 2007. In order to test the performance of our processing chains, we processed simultaneously all NOAA-17 and NOAA-18 data from January 1st, 2007 till March 29th, 2007. All products are be available via EOWEB. Please remember that NOAA-18 is a PM sensor which passes central Europe about 1.5 hours later than NOAA-17 (about 11:30 UTC instead of 10:00 UTC for NOAA17). The SST product is intended for climate modelers, oceanographers, and all geo science-related disciplines dealing with ocean surface parameters. In addition, SST maps covering the North Atlantic, the Baltic Sea, the North Sea and the Western Atlantic equivalent to the Mediterranean MCSST maps are available since August 1994. The most important aspects of the MCSST maps are a) correct image registration and b) reasonable cloud screening to ensure that only cloud free pixels are taken for the later processing and compositing c) for deriving MCSST, only channel 4 and 5 are used.. The SST product consists of one 8 bit channel. For additional information, please see: https://wdc.dlr.de/sensors/avhrr/
AVHRR - Sea Surface Temperature (SST) - Europe
The SST product is derived from NOAA AVHRR data received at DLR. The processing steps are outlined below: 1. Automatic pre-navigation / interactive supervision 2. Calibration of thermal channels of NOAA-11, NOAA-14, NOAA-16, NOAA-17 and NOAA-18 AVHRR 3. Cloud Screening and Clearing 4. Derivation of the Multi Channel Sea Surface Temperature (MCSST) 5. Remapping 6. Compositing / synthesis 7. Ocean masking 8. Integer-scaling.
EARTH SCIENCE>OCEANS>OCEAN TEMPERATURE>SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE
AVHRR
Nutzungseinschränkungen: Das DLR ist nicht haftbar für Schäden, die sich aus der Nutzung ergeben. / Use Limitations: DLR not liable for damage resulting from use.
Oceanographic geographical features
Sea Surface Temperature
Europe
urn:eop:DLR:EOWEB:NOAA.AVHRR.SST
FEDEO

Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services
See the referenced specification
DE/DLR
The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Currently, there are three GOME-2 instruments operating on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B and -C, launched in October 2006, September 2012, and November 2018, respectively. GOME-2 can measure a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distributions. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp level 2 products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (AC-SAF). GOME-2 near-real-time products are available already two hours after sensing. OCRA (Optical Cloud Recognition Algorithm) and ROCINN (Retrieval of Cloud Information using Neural Networks) are used for retrieving the following geophysical cloud properties from GOME and GOME-2 data: cloud fraction (cloud cover), cloud-top pressure (cloud-top height), and cloud optical thickness (cloud-top albedo). OCRA is an optical sensor cloud detection algorithm that uses the PMD devices on GOME / GOME-2 to deliver cloud fractions for GOME / GOME-2 scenes. ROCINN takes the OCRA cloud fraction as input and uses a neural network training scheme to invert GOME / GOME-2 reflectivities in and around the O2-A band. VLIDORT [Spurr (2006)] templates of reflectances based on full polarization scattering of light are used to train the neural network. ROCINN retrieves cloud-top pressure and cloud-top albedo. The cloud optical thickness is computed using libRadtran [Mayer and Kylling (2005)] radiative transfer simulations taking as input the cloud-top albedo retrieved with ROCINN. For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/
METOP GOME-2 - Cloud Optical Thickness (COT) - Global
Nutzungsbedingungen: Lizenz, / Terms of use: License,
Please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages for more details on cloud optical thickness retrieval: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/
EARTH SCIENCE>ATMOSPHERE>CLOUDS>CLOUD MICROPHYSICS>CLOUD OPTICAL DEPTH/THICKNESS
METOP-C
Metop-C
Nutzungsbedingungen: Das DLR ist nicht haftbar für Schäden, die sich aus der Nutzung ergeben. / Terms of use: DLR not liable for damage resulting from use.
MetOp-A
MetOp-B
MetOp-C
COT
Cloud Optical Thickness
AC-SAF
GOME.TC.AGG
urn:eop:DLR:EOWEB:GOME.TC.AGG
FEDEO
Atmospheric conditions